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ps command : NIX Classes

The ps (process status) command is used to provide information about the currently running processes, including their process identification numbers (PIDs).
A process, also referred to as a task, is an executing (i.e., running) instance of a program. Every process is assigned a unique PID by the system.

The basic syntax of ps is

ps [options]

Options

-a     Displays all processes on a terminal, with the exception of group leaders.
-c     Displays scheduler data.
-d     Displays all processes with the exception of session leaders.
-e     Displays all processes.
-f     Displays a full listing.
-glist     Displays data for the list of group leader IDs.
-j     Displays the process group ID and session ID.
-l     Displays a long listing
-plist     Displays data for the list of process IDs.
-slist     Displays data for the list of session leader IDs.
-tlist     Displays data for the list of terminals.
-ulist     Displays data for the list of usernames.

The Default Output

linux@atul:/home/atul $ ps
PID    TTY  TIME CMD
3567696  pts/2  0:00 ps
4391144  pts/2  0:00 -ksh

The Process list output for user smaadmp7

linux@atul:/home/atul $ ps -u smaadmp7
UID     PID    TTY  TIME CMD
1930  299258      -  0:01 dsapi_server
1930  671930      -  0:01 dsapi_slave
1930  696452      -  0:17 dsapi_slave
1930  790608      -  0:00 dsapi_server
1930 1200174      -  0:01 dsapi_server
1930 1634556      -  0:15 dsapi_slave
1930 1687662      -  0:00 dsapi_server
1930 1757284      -  0:00 dsapi_slave
1930 1790152      -  0:00 dsapi_server
1930 2081022      -  0:00 dsapi_server
1930 2158782      -  0:47 dsapi_slave
1930 2289812      -  0:00 dsapi_server

The -a option tells ps to list the processes of all users on the system rather than just those of the current user

linux@atul:/home/atul $ ps -a
PID    TTY  TIME CMD
1294566  pts/8  0:00 sleep
1884294  pts/5  0:00 ksh
2240748  pts/3  0:19 topas_nmon
3813422         0:00 <defunct>
4661352 pts/12  0:00 tail
4710552  pts/8  0:00 ksh
5263386  pts/3  0:00 ksh
5558486 pts/11  0:01 topas_nmon
6266958  pts/2  0:00 ps
6885508 pts/13  0:00 ksh
7254052  pts/4  0:00 ksh
8024154 pts/11  0:00 ksh

Own output format
If you are bored by the regular output, you could simply change the format. To do so use the formatting characters which are supported by the ps command.
If you execute the ps command with the ‘o’ parameter you can tell the ps command what you want to see:

linux@atul:/home/atul $ ps -o "%u : %U : %p : %a"
RUSER       USER       PID   COMMAND
atul : atul : 2256934 : ps -o %u : %U : %p : %a
atul : atul : 4391144 : -ksh

Log listing
The -l option generates a long listing
The additional columns of most interest are NI and SZ. The former shows the nice value of the process, which determines the priority of the process. The higher the value, the lower the priority. The default nice value is 0 on NIX systems.
The latter displays the size of the process in memory. The value of the field is the number of pages the process is occupying. On Linux systems a page is 4,096 bytes.

linux@atul:/home/atul $ ps -l
F S  UID     PID    PPID   C PRI NI ADDR    SZ    WCHAN    TTY  TIME CMD
200001 A 2291 3305488 4391144   3  61 20 432309400  1788           pts/2  0:00 ps
240001 A 2291 4391144 5161086   0  60 20 3430d7400   792           pts/2  0:00 ksh

The -e option generates a list of information about every process currently running. The -f option generates a listing that contains fewer items of information for each process than the -l option.

linux@atul:/home/atul > ps -ef | more
UID     PID    PPID   C    STIME    TTY  TIME CMD
root       1       0   0   Apr 28      -  6:21 /etc/init
root  102518       1   0   Apr 28      - 23:31 /usr/sbin/syncd 60
root  106530       1   0   Apr 28      -  0:00 /usr/sbin/uprintfd
root  127116       1   0   Apr 28      -  0:10 /usr/ccs/bin/shlap64
root  135190  204998   0   Apr 28      -  4:39 /opt/IBM/ITM/aix526/ux/bin/stat_daemon 12
root  147644  323618   0   Apr 28      -  0:02 /usr/sbin/portmap
root  163990       1   0   Apr 28      -  0:00 /usr/lib/errdemon
root  192710  323618   0   Apr 28      -  0:00 haemd HACMP 1 CCMP0 SECNOSUPPORT
root  204998       1   0   Apr 28      - 2352:55 /opt/IBM/ITM/aix526/ux/bin/kuxagent
root  209066  135190   0   Apr 28      -  0:06 /opt/IBM/ITM/aix526/ux/bin/ifstat 30 7
root  217206  286754   0 08:18:21      -  0:00 sshd: mahendra [priv]
root  229520  323618   0   Apr 28      -  0:00 /usr/sbin/rsct/bin/IBM.ServiceRMd
root  233604  323618   0   Apr 28      -  5:59 /usr/sbin/snmpd -c /etc/snmpd.conf
root  241798  135190   0   Apr 28      -  0:59 /opt/IBM/ITM/aix526/ux/bin/nfs_stat AIX 30 9
root  249928       1   0   Apr 28      -  0:11 /tivoli_ep_B/opt/Tivoli/lcf/bin/aix4-r1/mrt/lcfd
root  253990       1   0   Apr 28      -  3:53 /opt/IBM/ITM/aix526/ul/bin/kulagent
root  258098  135190   0   Apr 28      -  2:00 /opt/IBM/ITM/aix526/ux/bin/kux_vmstat 30 6

 
 

keep scripting…….
©Victimizeit

basename & dirname : NIX classes

Hi Friends..
Here I am going to describe some commands which can help us in day to day task.

basename
The basename command will strip off the directory portion of a filename path and return only the filename itself. In the following example, basename is used to strip the directory path from the filename so it returns simply dfs.sh.

linux@atul $ basename /home/atul/script/WORKING_FINE/dfs.sh
 dfs.sh

Removing extensions
The basename utility also allows the extension or suffix to be stripped from a file basename. The extension to be stripped is added after the file path. In the following example, .sh is added after the filename. The return from basename is the single word file:

linux@atul $ basename /home/atul/script/WORKING_FINE/dfs.sh .sh
 dfs

dirname
The dirname utility is the complement of basename. It returns the “path” component of a file pathname string, as shown in the following listing. In the second dirname example, dirname also removes the trailing slash before attempting to understand the string. The result is that the dirname portion of

linux@atul $ dirname /home/atul/script/WORKING_FINE/dfs.sh
 /home/atul/script/WORKING_FINE

dirname has no options for the command and simply returns the directory portion of a file path. It is not used as often as basename.

keep scripting…….
©Victimizeit

date command : NIX classes

 

A useful command line tool is date, which is typically used for displaying the current system date, or setting it. The default format of the date and time displayed will be the system default, eg “date : Wed May  9 19:42:23 GMT 2012
“, but it is possible to apply your own formatting, and also to specify a different date to use, without adjusting the system clock.

The date command writes the current date and time to standard output if called with no flags or with a flag list that begins with a + (plus sign). Otherwise, it sets the current date. Only a root user can change the date and time.
If, for example, you wanted to display the current day’s day of the week only.
If you follow the date command with a + (plus sign) and a field descriptor, you can control the output of the command. You must precede each field descriptor with a % (percent sign). The system replaces the field descriptor with the specified value. Enter a literal % as %% (two percent signs). The date command copies any other characters to the output without change. The date command always ends the string with a new-line character.

date +%A

The + switch tells the date command to apply the following format to the current date. %A tells date that the format to use is the locale’s full weekday name. A full list of the formatting modifiers is at the end of this article. It’s Friday today, so entering the above command at the command prompt would display this:

$ date +%A
Wednesday

If you wanted to display the date in the format YYYY-MM-DD, with a 4 digit year and 2 digit months with leading zeros, you would do this:

$ date +%Y-%m-%d
2012-05-09

Specifying different dates

That was pretty easy, but the above examples only show the current system date. What if you wanted to show yesterday’s date? There’s another switch for date which allows you to specify a date other than the current one, the -d switch. The great thing with -d is you can use words to specify previous or future dates, as per the examples below.

Using date in other commands

Within the bash/ksh shell you can embed commands within other commands using backticks. As a very simple example, we’ll use the echo command. The first example is without backticks so will just echo the word “date” the second example uses backticks and does echo the date. You wouldn’t normally do this because date echoes the output anyway.

$ echo date
date

$ echo `date`
Wed May  9 19:42:23 GMT 2012

Date format specifiers

The following are the available date format specifiers: (Some are supported by only specific shells, please check before using these)

%%     a literal %
%a     locale's abbreviated weekday name (e.g., Sun)
%A     locale's full weekday name (e.g., Sunday)
%b     locale's abbreviated month name (e.g., Jan)
%B     locale's full month name (e.g., January)
%c     locale's date and time (e.g., Thu Mar  3 23:05:25 2005)
%C     century; like %Y, except omit last two digits (e.g., 21)
%d     day of month (e.g, 01)
%D     date; same as %m/%d/%y
%e     day of month, space padded; same as %_d
%F     full date; same as %Y-%m-%d
%g     last two digits of year of ISO week number (see %G)
%G     year of ISO week number (see %V); normally useful only with %V
%h     same as %b
%H     hour (00..23)
%I     hour (01..12)
%j     day of year (001..366)
%k     hour ( 0..23)
%l     hour ( 1..12)
%m     month (01..12)
%M     minute (00..59)
%n     a newline
%N     nanoseconds (000000000..999999999)
%p     locale's equivalent of either AM or PM; blank if not known
%P     like %p, but lower case
%r     locale's 12-hour clock time (e.g., 11:11:04 PM)
%R     24-hour hour and minute; same as %H:%M
%s     seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
%S     second (00..60)
%t     a tab
%T     time; same as %H:%M:%S
%u     day of week (1..7); 1 is Monday
%U     week number of year, with Sunday as first day of week (00..53)
%V     ISO week number, with Monday as first day of week (01..53)
%w     day of week (0..6); 0 is Sunday
%W     week number of year, with Monday as first day of week (00..53)
%x     locale's date representation (e.g., 12/31/99)
%X     locale's time representation (e.g., 23:13:48)
%y     last two digits of year (00..99)
%Y     year
%z     +hhmm numeric timezone (e.g., -0400)
%Z     alphabetic time zone abbreviation (e.g., EDT)

 
 

keep scripting…….
©Victimizeit

chsh commad : NIX classes

The chsh command changes a user’s login shell attribute. The shell attribute defines the initial program that runs after a user logs in to the system. This attribute is specified in the /etc/passwd file. By default, the chsh command changes the login shell for the user who gives the command.

Shell used by me

 [root@home ~]# echo $SHELL
 /bin/bash

To get the chsh help

 [root@home ~]# chsh --help
 Usage: chsh [ -s shell ] [ --list-shells ] [ --help ] [ --version ][ username ]

To list the available shells in system

[root@home ~]# chsh -l
 /bin/sh
 /bin/bash
 /bin/ksh
 /usr/bin/ksh
 /bin/tcsh
 /bin/csh

Step to change Linux login shell.
The example below show the use of chsh command to change shell for current user.

[atul@home ~]$ chsh
 Changing shell for atul.
 Password:
 New shell [/bin/bash]: /bin/csh
 Shell changed.

[atul@home ~]$ chsh -s /bin/bash  ---> chsh [ -s shell ]
 Changing shell for atul.
 Password:
 Shell changed.

The chsh command issue with no option and –s option with the full pathname of the desired shell, is used to change shell for the user and it will prompt user for their password (note: the password only prompt for non-root user).  In above example we change the shell to /bin/csh (C SHell) and to /bin/bash (Bourne-Again Shell).  NOTE: the changes will take effect after you logout and login again.

Step to change shell for other user.

[root@home ~]# chsh -s /bin/csh atul  -->  chsh [ -s shell ][ username ]
 Changing shell for atul.
 Shell changed.

 
 

keep scripting…….
©Victimizeit

System Resources commands : NIX classes

Hi guys…

In this post, I came up with system resources commands, which will help you to day to day task on nix box.

Command/Syntax	What it will do
chsh (passwd -e/-s) username login_shell	change the user’s login shell (often only by the superuser)
date [options]	report the current date and time
df [options] [resource]	report the summary of disk blocks and inodes free and in use
du [options] [directory or file]	report amount of disk space in use+
hostname/uname	display or set (super-user only) the name of the current machine
kill [options] [-SIGNAL] [pid#] [%job]	send a signal to the process with the process id number (pid#) or job control number (%n). The default signal is to kill the process.
man [options]	command show the manual (man) page for a command
passwd [options]	set or change your password
ps [options]	show status of active processes
script file	saves everything that appears on the screen to file until exit is executed
stty [options]	set or display terminal control options
whereis [options]	command report the binary, source, and man page locations for the command named which command reports  the path to the command or the shell alias in use
who or w	report who is logged in and what process are running

We will learn all the above commands one by one in next posts of this series.

till then …

keep scripting…….
©Victimizeit

Twelve Methods to Parse a File Line by Line — Part 4(last)

Here we are continues the magic. You can find the part 1,2 & 3 here ….
Twelve Methods to Parse a File Line by Line — Part 1
Twelve Methods to Parse a File Line by Line — Part 2
Twelve Methods to Parse a File Line by Line — Part 3

Method 10:

function while_line_LINE_FD
{
exec 3<&0
exec 0< $FILENAME
while line LINE
do
echo “$LINE”
:
done
exec 0<&3
}

Method 11:

function while_LINE_line_cmdsub2_FD
{
exec 3<&0
exec 0< $FILENAME
while LINE=$(line)
do
print “$LINE”
:
done
exec 0<&3
}

Method 12:

function while_line_LINE_FD
{
exec 3<&0
exec 0< $FILENAME
while line LINE
do
echo “$LINE”
:
done
exec 0<&3
}

njoy the simplicity…….
©Mastering Unix Shell Scripting